NEWS 1:Unblock Vikatan website once it temporarily drops PM’s cartoon: Madras HC

• GS-2 polity and governance
• offending cartoon featuring a shackled Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump
• Constitutional provision regarding Article 19(2) :
•     Constitution lists only eight grounds — namely,
• 1. issues affecting the sovereignty and integrity of India.
• 2.security of the State
• 3.friendly relations with foreign States,
• 4.public order,
• 5.relating to decency or morality,
• 6.contempt of court,
• 7.defamation
• 8. incitement to an offnce — for curtailing freedom of speech and expression
• Section 69A of the Information Technology Act of 2000 lists identical reasons for which the Centre could issue directions to block public access to any information through any computer resource

1. Sovereignty and Integrity of India: To protect the sovereignty, integrity, and defense of India.
2. Security of the State: To ensure the security of the state.
3. Friendly Relations with Foreign States: To maintain friendly relations with foreign states.
4. Public Order: To preserve public order.

5.Decency or Morality: To prevent the dissemination of content that is obscene or against decency and morality.

6.Contempt of Court: To avoid contempt of court.

7.Defamation: To prevent defamation.

• These reasons are aligned with the broader objectives of ensuring that the internet and digital spaces are not misused in ways that could harm national interests, public safety, or individual rights. The blocking of content under Section 69A is typically done through a formal process, which may involve oversight and review mechanisms to ensure proportionality and necessity

Povisions regarding IT rules 2021:

Government’s Power to Issue Removal Orders:

1. Under Rule 16, the government can issue orders for the removal of content if it is deemed to violate the Code of Ethics or poses a threat to national security, public order, or other grounds specified under Section 69A of the IT Act, 2000.
2. This includes content published by digital news platforms, which can be directed to be taken down if it is found to be in violation of the rules.

NEWS 2 :J&K govt. to promote Bangus Valley near LoC for ecotourism

GS- 3 Tourism as sector in INDIAN economy

Bangus lies close to the LoC in north Kashmir’s Kupwara district. After Gurez, Machil and Keran, Bangus is one more addition to the list of tourist spots near the LoC

• Line of Control (LOC):
• In the context of India and Pakistan, the LOC refers to the military control line between the Indian-administered and Pakistani-administered parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a de facto border that has been the site of ongoing conflict and tension
• Bangus Valley, located in the Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir, it is often referred to as a “hidden gem” in the Kashmir Valley.
• Key Features of Bangus Valley

1. Natural Beauty:
   1. The valley is surrounded by snow-capped mountains, dense forests, and vibrant meadows.
   2. It is divided into two parts: Big Bangus and Little Bangus, each offering unique scenic views.
   3. The valley is dotted with colorful flowers, making it a paradise for nature lovers and photographers.
2. Rich Biodiversity:
   1. Bangus Valley is home to a variety of flora and fauna, including rare medicinal plants and wildlife like musk deer, leopards, and brown bears.
   2. It is an ideal destination for eco-tourism and wildlife enthusiasts.
3. Tranquility and Seclusion:
   1. Unlike other popular tourist spots in Kashmir, Bangus Valley remains relatively untouched by commercialization, offering a peaceful and secluded experience.
4. Adventure Opportunities:
   1. The valley is perfect for trekking, camping, and hiking.
   2. The challenging terrain and remote location make it a favorite among adventure seekers.
5.  
6. NEWS 3 :Govt. launches AI Kosha, repository of data to build models and tools

GS-3 Science and technology

14,000 GPUs have been commissioned for shared access and more of it will be added on a quarterly basis

A GPU, or Graphics Processing Unit, is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images, videos, and other graphical content. GPUs are essential for rendering graphics in real-time, making them a critical component in computers, gaming consoles, and mobile devices. Here’s a detailed overview of GPUs:

• AI Kosh as a Knowledge Repository
• “Kosh” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Kosh” (कोश), which means a repository or treasury, then AI Kosh could imply an AI-powered knowledge repository or database.
• This could be a platform or system that uses artificial intelligence to collect, organize, and provide access to vast amounts of information, such as:
  • Educational resources.
  • Research papers.
  • Cultural or linguistic data.
  • Government or public records.
• ,the platform contains 316 datasets, the bulk of these being programmes to help in creating or validating language translation tools for Indian languages.
• The government has designated “Chief Data Officers” across Ministries and departments, encouraging them to provide datasets that can be used by researchers, companies, and other parts of the government
• The IndiaAI Datasets Platform is one of the seven pillars of the IndiaAI Mission

INDIA AI mission 

• It focuses on building a robust AI ecosystem by promoting research, innovation, and the adoption of AI across various sectors
• Key Initiatives Under the India AI Mission

1. National AI Portal (INDIAai):
   1. A centralized platform to share resources, research, and updates on AI initiatives in India.
   2. Website: https://indiaai.gov.in
2. Centers of Excellence (CoEs):
   1. Establishing AI research centers in collaboration with leading institutions and industry partners.
   2. Focus areas include healthcare, agriculture, education, and smart cities.

3.AI for All:

1. A program to democratize AI by making it accessible to all citizens, including those in rural areas.
2. Focus on creating AI solutions that are inclusive and affordable.

4.Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA):

1. A framework to enable secure sharing of data for AI applications while protecting user privacy.

5.National AI Strategy:

1. A comprehensive roadmap to guide India’s AI development and adoption over the next decade
2. NEWS 4:Poachers kill elephant in Dharmapuri, set carcass on fire to destroy evidence

 GS-3 Environmental protection

Project Elephant 

• is a centrally sponsored scheme launched  in 1992 to protect elephants, their habitats, and corridors.
• It aims to ensure the long-term survival of viable populations of elephants in their natural habitats.
• Elephants are not only a keystone species but also play a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance of forests.
• Key Components of Project Elephant

1. Elephant Reserves:
   1. Designation of Elephant Reserves (ERs) to provide legal protection to elephant habitats.
   2. As of 2023, there are 33 Elephant Reserves in India, covering an area of about 76,508 square kilometers.
   3. Examples:
      1. Mysore Elephant Reserve (Karnataka).
      2. Singhbhum Elephant Reserve (Jharkhand).
      3. Shivalik Elephant Reserve (Uttarakhand).
2. Habitat Restoration and Management:
   1. Restoration of degraded elephant habitats.
   2. Creation of water sources and fodder plantations in elephant habitats

3.Mitigation of Human-Elephant Conflict:

1. Construction of elephant-proof trenches, barriers, and fences.
2. Use of early warning systems to alert communities about elephant movements.
3. Promotion of alternative livelihoods for communities affected by human-elephant conflict.

4.Research and Monitoring:

1. Conducting studies on elephant behavior, ecology, and population dynamics.
2. Use of GPS collars and drones for tracking elephant movements.
3.  
4. Achievements of Project Elephant

1. Increase in Elephant Population:
   1. According to the Elephant Census 2017, India has an estimated 29,964 wild elephants, which is about 60% of the global Asian elephant population.
2. Designation of Elephant Reserves:
   1. Establishment of 33 Elephant Reserves across 14 states.
3. Reduction in Human-Elephant Conflict:
4. Implementation of conflict mitigation measures has reduced casualties and crop damage in many regions. MAINS QUESTION

 Importance of artificial intelligence in cutting edge technology   and INDIAs steps to lead in AI market .elaborate